Table 3 Site characteristics overview
| Â | Site A | Site B | Site C | Site D |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Site location | New Hampshire | Utah | Washington | New Mexico |
Area | Medicaid expansion Medicaid coverage for MOUD HRSA-designated shortage area | Medicaid expansion Medicaid coverage for MOUD | Medicaid expansion Medicaid coverage for MOUD HRSA-designated shortage area | Medicaid expansion Medicaid coverage for MOUD HRSA-designated shortage area |
Primary care clinic type | FQHC | Hospital/medical center | FQHC | Hospital/medical center |
Unique primary care patients | 2681 | 19,265 | 9488 patients | 1900 |
Unique MOUD patients | 350 | 123 | 221 | 35 |
Unique primary care prescribers (any Rx) | 4 | 26 | 54 | 9 |
Unique MOUD prescribers | 5 | 4 | 48 | 7 |
MOUD options | Buprenorphine Buprenorphine/naloxone Extended-release buprenorphine Naltrexone Extended-release naltrexone | Buprenorphine Buprenorphine/naloxone Extended-release buprenorphine Naltrexone Extended-release naltrexone | Buprenorphine Buprenorphine/naloxone Extended-release buprenorphine Naltrexone Extended-release naltrexone | Buprenorphine Buprenorphine/naloxone Extended-release buprenorphine Naltrexone Extended-release naltrexone |
Clinic characteristics | • Staffing includes MD, advanced practice practitioners, RN, behavioral health, social workers, or recovery coach presence • No DO, residents • Serves unhoused and formerly incarcerated people • Close collaboration approaching an integrated practice | • Staffing includes MD, Residents, advanced practice practitioners, RN, social work, and recovery coaching • No DO or behavioral health presence • Established referral system from other medical center departments (e.g., emergency) • Close collaboration approaching an integrated practice | • Staffing includes MD, DO, Residents, advanced practice practitioners, RN, behavioral health • MOUD patient coordinator • No recovery coach presence • Serves unhoused population • Full collaboration in a transformed/merged integrated practice | • Staffing includes MD, DO, Residents, advanced practice practitioners, RN, behavioral health, social work • No recovery coach presence • Serves transgender/non-binary, unhoused, and people in treatment for infectious disease • Full collaboration in a transformed/merged integrated practice |
Pharmacy characteristics | • 19,789 prescriptions filled • 2 pharmacists, 2 pharmacy techs • 340B member • Retail pharmacy on-site • No established clinical pharmacist role | • 120,630 prescriptions filled • 5 pharmacists, 9 pharmacy techs • Ambulatory care pharmacy team includes 1 pharmacist and 1 technician • 340B member • Retail pharmacy on-site • Embedded clinical pharmacist in family and internal medicine • Offsite clinical manager oversees ambulatory care pharmacists, pharmacy resident, and embedded clinic pharmacy technician | • 41,599 prescriptions filled • 2 pharmacists, 2 pharmacy techs • 340B member • Retail pharmacy on-site/nearby • Clinical pharmacist sees patients with other chronic diseases (e.g., hypertension, diabetes) • Carries extended-release buprenorphine and HIV medications for specialty clinics onsite | • ~ 72,000 prescriptions filled • 4 pharmacists, 8 pharmacy techs • 340B member • Retail pharmacy on-site • Clinical pharmacist sees people with HIV, HepC, and those with metabolic issues • Pharmacists have prescriptive authority to prescribe and dispense Narcan; clinic-based extended-release buprenorphine |