Randomized clinical trial of the effects of screening and brief intervention for illicit drug use: the life shift/shift gears study

Table 1 Characteristics of Life Shift/Shift Gears participants overall and by condition

	Percent or mean (SD)
Characteristic	Overall	*Life Shift*	*Shift Gears*
	(N = 700)	(N = 346)	(N = 354)
Gender (%)
Male	75.4	76.2	74.6
Female	24.6	23.8	25.4
Age category (%)
18-20	9.3	10.7	7.9
21-24	13.2	13.6	12.7
25-34	27.1	29.6	24.6
35-44	17.5	16.6	18.4
45-54	22.1	19.5	24.6
55+	10.9	10.1	11.6
Mean age in years	36.9 (13.2)	35.9 (13.3)	37.9 (13.0)
Race/Ethnicity (%)
Hispanic/Latino	33.1	32.5	33.7
African American	37.0	36.5	37.4
White	24.8	26.0	23.6
Other	5.2	5.0	5.3
Annual income (%)
Less than $9,999	65.1	64.2	66.1
$10,000 - $14,999	12.9	11.7	13.9
$15,000 - $24,000	8.6	8.1	9.0
$25,000 - $34,999	5.0	6.6	3.5
$35,000 - $49,000	4.0	3.9	4.1
$50,000+	4.4	5.4	3.5
Patient location (%)
ED	83.5	84.3	82.6
Trauma	16.5	15.7	17.4
Interviewed in Spanish (%)	3.9	4.1	3.7
Drug risk category (%)^a
At risk	55.1	55.0	55.2
High risk	41.1	40.6	41.7
Severe risk	3.8	4.4	3.2
Alcohol use risk category (%)^b
Low risk	70.3	73.7	67.0
At risk	24.0	21.6	26.5
High risk	4.3	3.3	5.4
Severe risk	1.3	1.5	1.2
Type of drug used (%)^c
Marijuana	84.4	87.5	81.4
Amphetamines	19.3	17.4	21.2
Cocaine	8.8	7.8	9.7
Heroin	7.8	6.1	9.6
Other opiates	7.4	7.6	7.3
User of Marijuana only (%)	49.6	51.6	47.7
Use of more than 1 substance incl. alcohol (%)	49.9	47.9	51.9
Mean drug avoidance self-efficacy score	3.2 (1.19)	3.2 (1.2)	3.3 (1.2)
Driving and traffic safety risk category (%)
Low- and at risk	91.3	93.4	89.2
High- and severe risk	8.7	6.7	10.6

^aBased on the Drug Abuse Screening Test — DAST-10 [19, 20]. Risk categories included at risk (score of 1–2), high risk (score of 3–8), and severe risk (score of 9–10).
^bBased on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test — AUDIT [18]. Risk categories included no/low risk (score of 0–7), at risk (score of 8–15), high risk (score of 16–19), and severe risk (score of 20–40).
^cMultiple drug use was possible. Therefore, the total percent exceeds 100%.

ISSN: 1940-0640