Means (SE) or percent | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome | Life Shift intervention | Shift Gears control | p value for group ×; time interaction or Wald χ2 | ||
 | Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up |  |
Past 30 day drug abstinence at follow-up (%)b | |||||
 Self-reported |  | 12.5 (3.2) |  | 12.0 (3.1) | .888 |
 Biologically validatedc |  | 7.0 (2.5) |  | 2.0 (1.2) | .074 |
Self-reported drug use – ASI Composite Score (0-1) | |||||
 Complete cases | .059 (.008) | .068 (.010) | .055 (.007) | .095 (.010) | .035a |
 Imputed | .070 (.005) | .075 (.006) | .068 (.006) | .085 (.007) | .124a |
Medical problems – ASI Composite Score (0-1) | |||||
 Complete cases | .639 (.021) | .176 (.038) | .696 (.020) | .280 (.036) | .404a |
 Imputed | .65 (.013) | .219 (.023) | .669 (.014) | .248 (.024) | .627a |
Psychiatric problems – ASI Composite Score (0-1) | |||||
 Complete cases | .287 (.031) | .250 (.029) | .292 (0.27) | .243 (.025) | .734a |
 Imputed | .264 (.017) | .239 (.016) | .272 (.017) | .228 (.017) | .404a |
Alcohol use – ASI Composite Score (0-1) | |||||
 Complete cases | .127 (.018) | .124 (.016) | .106 (.017) | .106 (.015) | .888 |
 Imputed | .126 (.011) | .115 (.009) | .126 (.012) | .112 (.010) | .808 |
Past 6 mo. health care utilization | |||||
 No. of ED visitsd | .528 (.106) | .828 (.129) | .549 (.111) | .806 (.135) | .826a |
 No. of hospitaliz.e | .196 (.094) | .261 (.111) | .146 (.099) | .317 (.117) | .479 |
 No. of days hosp.e | 1.26 (.607) | 1.60 (643) | 1.43 (.643) | 2.56 (.681) | .335a |
Driving and traffic risk scores | |||||
 Complete cases | .975 (.068) | .831 (.070) | .840 (.064) | .907 (.066) | .057 |
 Imputed | 1.00 (.045) | .935 (.042) | .837 (.048) | .897 (.045) | .165 |