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Table 4 Negative binomial regression analysis to estimate the effect of substance dependence on ED visits during the post randomization period among “At Home” participants (n = 381)

From: Emergency department use and hospitalizations among homeless adults with substance dependence and mental disorders

Variable

Unadjusted RR (95% CI)

p value

Adjusted RR (95% CI)

Substance dependence (yes vs. no)

0.99 (0.73, 1.34)

0.953

0.85 (0.62, 1.17)

Housing First interventions (yes vs. no)

0.89 (0.65, 1.22)

0.468

0.74 (0.55, 1.00)

Need level (high vs. moderate)

1.37 (1.02, 1.86)

0.039

1.11 (0.79, 1.56)

Age at randomization (per year)

0.99 (0.98, 1.01)

0.265

1.00 (0.98, 1.02)

Age of first homelessness

1.00 (0.99, 1.01)

0.900

0.99 (0.97, 1.00)

Female gender

1.13 (0.81, 1.58)

0.459

1.03 (0.75, 1.70)

Aboriginals

1.94 (1.23, 3.05)

0.004

1.32 (0.95, 1.84)

White

1.60 (1.14, 2.24)

0.006

1.05 (0.65, 1.76)

Other

Reference

  

Education (incomplete high school)

0.71 (0.53, 0.96)

0.027

0.78 (0.58, 1.05)

Single/never married

1.33 (0.97, 1.83)

0.080

 

Income ($800 CDN or more) in past month

1.05 (0.78, 1.41)

0.762

 

ER visit before randomization (last year)

1.12 (1.09, 1.15)

<0.001

1.11 (1.08, 1.14)

Less severe cluster of mental disorders

0.97 (0.72, 1.31)

0.861

0.98 (0.73, 1.32)

Severe cluster of mental disorders

1.28 (0.92, 1.78)

0.141

1.32 (0.91, 1.92)

Chronic health conditions (≥3)

1.56 (1.12, 2.16)

0.007

1.13 (0.79, 1.63)

Blood-borne infectious disease (HIV, hepatitis B or C)

0.93 (0.68, 1.29)

0.678

1.28 (0.92, 1.79)

Have a regular medical doctor

1.20 (0.87, 1.65)

0.264

1.06 (0.77, 1.46)

Place to go when you are sick

2.06 (1.41, 3.00)

<0.001

1.45 (1.01, 2.09)

Needed health care, but didn’t receive it

1.36 (1.01, 1.84)

0.046

0.93 (0.69, 1.27)