From: Prenatal treatment for opioid dependency: observations from a large inner-city clinic
Characteristic | 2006 (N = 33) | 2007 (N = 53) | 2008 (N = 69) | 2009 (N = 84) | 2010 (N = 93) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prenatal opioid agonist therapy exposure | |||||
Methadone | 32 (97.0) | 48 (90.6) | 51 (79.3) | 62 (73.8) | 52 (55.9) |
Buprenorphine | 1 (3.3) | 5 (9.4) | 16 (23.2) | 22 (26.2) | 38 (40.9) |
Methadone and buprenorphine | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.9) | 0 (0) | 3 (3.2) |
Length of hospitalization (days) | 23.2 ± 10.3 | 24.2 ± 12.7 | 24.1 ± 12.9 | 21.9 ± 11.1 | 20.8 ± 10.9 |
Pharmacologically treated for NAS | 25 (75.8) | 43 (81.1) | 62 (89.9) | 72 (85.7) | 80 (86.0) |
Age at NAS treatment Initiation (days) | 2.5 ± 2.1 | 2.4 ± 1.9 | 2.9 ± 3.1 | 2.0 ± 1.7 | 1.9 ± 1.4 |
First-line NAS treatment | |||||
Morphine | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.6) | 67 (93.1) | 80 (100.0) |
DTO | 25 (100) | 43 (100) | 61 (98.4) | 5 (6.9) | 0 (0) |
Total morphine used to treat NAS, mg per kg birth weighta | 6.0 ± 3.7 | 6.7 ± 6.2 | 3.6 ± 3.5 | 8.9 ± 8.4 | 6.4 ± 5.4 |
Additional NAS treatment with Phenobarbital | 9 (36.0) | 9 (20.9) | 10 (16.1) | 23 (31.9) | 18 (22.5) |
Clonidine | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.8) | 8 (10.0) |
Length of NAS treatment (days) | 20.6 ± 9.6 | 20.6 ± 10.2 | 19.5 ± 10.1 | 19.2 ± 9.5 | 17.5 ± 7.8 |
Peak Finnegan score among neonates treated for NAS | 13.9 ± 2.8 | 13.3 ± 3.5 | 11.9 ± 2.6 | 12.9 ± 3.0 | 11.9 ± 2.5 |
Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 37.9 ± 1.8 | 38.7 ± 2.2 | 38.0 ± 2.5 | 38.2 ± 2.5 | 38.7 ± 2.3 |
Preterm birth (<37 weeks) | 7 (21.2) | 6 (11.3) | 17 (24.6) | 16 (19.1) | 12 (12.9) |
Birth weight (g) | 2895.8 ± 373.1 | 2786.6 ± 728.0 | 2807.9 ± 599.6 | 2898.5 ± 652.3 | 2974.2 ± 580.2 |