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Table 2 Correlates of newly diagnosed HIV among HIV-positive women in Pretoria, South Africa

From: Seek, test, treat: substance-using women in the HIV treatment cascade in South Africa

Variable

Previously diagnosed

Newly diagnosed

Bivariate logistic regression

Multivariable logistic regression

Sociodemographic characteristic

n = 228

n = 126

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Age in years, mean (SD)

32.7 (6.9)

29.1 (7.0)

0.92 (0.89, 0.95)***

0.91 (0.88, 0.95)***

% education ≥10th grade

57.5

54.8

1.11 (0.71, 1.75)

 

% unemployed

89.1

85.3

0.71 (0.36, 1.41)

 

% married or living as married

54.4

49.2

0.81 (0.53, 1.26)

 

% ever had a family member with HIV/AIDS

66.1

62.7

0.86 (0.55, 1.36)

 

% ever incarcerated (lifetime)

40.8

37.3

0.86 (0.55, 1.35)

 

% ever in substance abuse treatment (lifetime)

7.9

1.6

0.19 (0.04, 0.82)*

0.15 (0.03, 0.69)*

Urine drug screen and breathalyzer results

% marijuana (THC) positive

33.3

27.8

0.77 (0.48, 1.24)

 

% opiate positive

17.1

16.7

0.97 (0.54, 1.73)

 

% cocaine positive

14.0

11.9

0.83 (0.43, 1.6)

 

% opiate or cocaine positive

20.2

20.6

1.03 (0.60, 1.76)

 

% alcohol (breathalyzer) positive

16.3

13.5

0.80 (0.43, 1.49)

 

Sex risk behaviors

% used a condom at last sex

48.9

33.3

0.52 (0.33, 0.82)**

0.58 (0.34, 0.98)**

# times unprotected sex past 30 days, mean (SD)

8.2 (12.9)

10.2 (16.3)

1.01 (0.99, 1.02)

 

% engaged in sex work past 6 months

50.0

36.5

0.58 (0.37, 0.90)*

0.83 (0.49, 1.40)

Victimization

% physically assaulted past year

10.5

18.3

1.90 (1.02, 3.52)*

1.97 (1.01, 3.84)*

% sexually assaulted past year

6.6

8.7

1.36 (0.60, 3.05)

 

SF-36 mental health and vitality scales

Mental health scale score, mean (SD)a

58.4 (14.4)

59.0 (15.8)

1.00 (0.99, 1.02)

 

Vitality scale score, mean (SD)b

36.6 (16.9)

33.9 (17.7)

0.99 (0.98, 1.00)

 

Contextual factors

% recruited from inner cityb

40.4

40.5

1.01 (0.65, 1.57)

 

Century month recruitedc, mean (SD)

150.3 (8.9)

150.3 (8.4)

1.00 (0.97, 1.02)

 

% living in informal settlementd

36.4

42.1

1.27 (0.81, 1.98)

 
  1. * p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001
  2. aSF-36 Mental Health and Vitality scales
  3. Transformed scale = [(Actual raw score − lowest possible raw score)/(possible raw score range)] × 100
  4. bThe reference group is recruited from outside the inner city
  5. cCentury month (CM). January 2001 = 1. The project recruited from May 2012 (CM = 136) to September 2014 (CM = 164). South Africa was in the midst of scaling up HIV testing and treatment during this period
  6. dThe reference group is not living in an informal settlement
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Addiction Science & Clinical Practice

ISSN: 1940-0640