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Table 3 Separate logistic regression models evaluating the association between substance use (unhealthy alcohol use, past-month IDU, opioid craving) and linkage to care (n = 249)

From: Role of substance use in HIV care cascade outcomes among people who inject drugs in Russia

Variable

Outcome

Linkage to care and unhealthy alcohol use

n = 249

Linkage to care and IDU

n = 249

Linkage to care and opioid craving

n = 250

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

p value

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

p value

Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)

p value

AUDIT 20–40

Alcohol dependence

1.14 (0.57, 2.29)

0.72

–

–

–

–

AUDIT 8–19

Hazardous drinking

1.26 (0.65, 2.44)

0.49

–

–

–

–

IDU

–

–

0.79 (0.45, 1.38)

0.40

–

–

Opioid craving

30–70

–

–

–

–

0.78 (0.39, 1.57)

0.49

Opioid craving

71–100

–

–

–

–

0.84 (0.43, 1.64)

0.61

Gender (female vs. male)

1.45 (0.74, 2.84)

0.27

1.45 (0.74, 2.82)

0.27

1.39 (0.72, 2.71)

0.33

Age

1.00 (0.94, 1.07)

0.90

1.00 (0.93, 1.07)

0.93

1.00 (0.94, 1.07)

0.97

Stigma (continuous)

0.71 (0.44, 1.14)

0.16

0.71 (0.44, 1.14)

0.15

0.71 (0.44, 1.15)

0.16

Social support (continuous)

1.00 (0.94, 1.06)

0.95

1.00 (0.95, 1.07)

0.88

1.00 (0.94, 1.07)

0.91

Married or partnered

0.46 (0.24, 0.89)

0.02

0.45 (0.23, 0.87)

0.01

0.47 (0.24, 0.91)

0.02

Separated, divorced, or widowed

1.05 (0.49, 2.28)

0.89

1.09 (0.51, 2.32)

0.82

1.07 (0.50, 2.29)

0.85

Education

1.97 (1.02, 3.78)

0.04

1.91 (0.99, 3.68)

0.05

1.99 (1.03, 3.84)

0.04

Depressive symptoms (past-week symptoms)

0.83 (0.34, 2.00)

0.67

0.87 (0.36, 2.08)

0.74

0.90 (0.37, 2.19)

0.82

Income (high vs. low)

1.04 (0.55, 1.96)

0.91

1.09 (0.58, 2.02)

0.79

1.09 (0.58, 2.04)

0.78

Homeless

1.70 (0.30, 9.57)

0.54

1.75 (0.31, 9.93)

0.52

1.87 (0.33, 10.59)

0.48