Eligibility for heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) among people who inject opioids and are living with HIV in a Canadian setting

Jan Klimas; Huiru Dong; Nadia Fairbairn; Eugenia Socías; Rolando Barrios; Evan Wood; Thomas Kerr; Julio Montaner; M.-J. Milloy

doi:10.1186/s13722-017-0104-y

Addiction Science & Clinical Practice

Table 2 Bivariable and multivariable GEE analysis of factors associated with HAT eligibility among people who live with HIV

From: Eligibility for heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) among people who inject opioids and are living with HIV in a Canadian setting

Characteristic	Bivariable		Multivariable
Characteristic	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p value
Age
(Per 10 years older)	0.97 (0.94–1.01)	0.101
Gender
(Male vs. female/non-male)	0.49 (0.31–0.80)	0.004	0.50 (0.31–0.82)	0.006
Ethnicity
(Caucasian vs. other)	1.39 (0.84–2.28)	0.198
Homelessness^a
(Yes vs. no)	1.61 (1.21–2.16)	0.001	1.47 (1.07–2.01)	0.016
Relationship status^a
(Legally married/common law/regular partner vs. other)	0.82 (0.60–1.12)	0.213
Highest level of education completed
(≥ high school diploma vs. < high school diploma)	1.01 (0.62–1.65)	0.957
Employment^a
(Yes vs. no)	0.73 (0.56–0.95)	0.018
Money spent on drugs p/day
(= $50 per day vs. < $50 per day)	1.53 (1.15–2.02)	0.003
Drug dealing^a
(Yes vs. no)	1.93 (1.50–2.49)	< 0.001	1.76 (1.33–2.31)	< 0.001
Years of using injection heroin at baseline
(Per year increase)	1.00 (0.98–1.02)	0.781
Daily non-injection cocaine use^a
(Yes vs. no)	1.76 (0.54–5.68)	0.347
Daily non-injection heroin use^a
(Yes vs. no)	7.45 (1.50–37.05)	0.014	8.18 (1.25–53.56)	0.028
Daily crack use^a
(Yes vs. no)	1.56 (1.17–2.09)	0.003	1.35 (1.01–1.82)	0.045
Daily meth use^a
(Yes vs. no)	1.79 (0.97–3.30)	0.061
Overdose^a
(Yes vs. no)	1.29 (0.77–2.15)	0.328
Lent syringe^a
(Yes vs. no)	0.93 (0.24–3.59)	0.915
Recent incarceration^a
(Yes vs. no)	1.34 (0.83–2.18)	0.233
Engaged in any form of unprotected sex^a
(Yes vs. no)	1.07 (0.64–1.81)	0.787
Exchanged sex for gifts, food, shelter, clothes, etc.^a
(Yes vs. no)	1.30 (0.73–2.32)	0.378
Attacked, assaulted, or suffered violence^a
(Yes vs. no)	1.10 (0.76–1.58)	0.613
HCV^a
(Yes vs. no)	1.05 (0.53–2.05)	0.898
Plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load > 50 c/mL^a
(Yes vs. no)	0.98 (0.76–1.25)	0.853
On ART (≥ 1 day)^a
(Yes vs. no)	0.79 (0.56–1.10)	0.162
CD4+ cell count^a
(Per 100 cells/mL increase)	1.07 (0.99–1.15)	0.096	1.08 (1.00–1.17)	0.042

^aAll behavioural variables refer to the 6 months prior to the follow-up questionnaire

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