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Table 4 Synthesis of the systematic review results

From: The impact of project ECHO on physician preparedness to treat opioid use disorder: a systematic review

Article author

Time period

Number of participants

Self-efficacy improvements?

Increased knowledge how to treat OUD?

Waivers obtained?

Health outcomes?

Qualitative outcomes?

Other outcomes?

Katzman et al. [5]

7 Five-hour long courses on seven different dates

1315 attended, 1079 gave consent to participate in the study

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

N/A

Kawasaki et al. [6]

Not specified

Varies based on survey

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Shorter wait times for patients and decreased sense of professional isolation for physicians

Komaromy et al. [7]

Two-hour session every week

Varies based on survey

No

Yes

No

77% of physicians changed patient care plan

No

ECHO participants rated input 5/5

Komaromy et al. [8]

Two-hour sessions every week

654 unique partic-ipants attended at least one clinic

No

No

Yes

No

No

N/A

Miele et al. [10]

One-hour session every month

30–50 per session

No

No

Yes (*prelim. results*)

No

No

N/A

Salvador et al. [16]

12 one-hour sessions for 12 consecutive weeks

24 partici-pants from 13 primary care clinics

No

No

No

No

Support for the opportunity to engage with content experts

Ease of access to ECHO sessions was reported, participants emphasized the value-added effects of participating in the ECHO sessions

Tofighi, B., et al. [19]

One-hour sessions every week for 16 weeks

17

Yes

Yes

No

Increased prescribers of buprenorphine

No

Feedback for improving ECHO program included archiving recordings of sessions, clinical shadowing of buprenorphine providers, and increasing the involvement of non-physician clinical staff