Table 3 Withdrawal symptoms experienced by the participants during fasting time (n = 523)
Physical symptoms (number of symptoms = 11) | n (%) | Psychological symptoms (n (number of symptoms = 8) | n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
No symptoms | 235 (44.9) | No Symptoms | 246 (47.0) |
Weight gain | 17 (3.2) | Social isolation | 52 (9.9) |
Sweating | 22 (4.2) | Depression | 56 (10.7) |
Abdominal cramping | 27 (5.2) | Feeling sleepy | 60 (11.4) |
Tremor | 28 (5.4) | Poor concentration | 77 (14.7) |
Breathing Difficulty | 36 (6.8) | Angry | 94 (17.9) |
Constipation | 43 (8.2) | Stress | 96 (18.3) |
Sore or itchy throat | 51 (9.7) | Restlessness | 118 (22.5) |
Heart palpitation | 54 (10.3) | Intense cravings for smoking | 155 (29.6) |
Dizziness | 55 (10.5) | - | |
Headache | 55 (10.5) | - | |
Nausea | 57 (10.8) | - | |
Severity score Mean (± SD) | 0.82 (± 1.78) | 1.24 (± 1.89) |