Electronic cigarettes’ withdrawal severity symptoms among users during intermittent fasting: a cross-sectional study

Table 5 Summary of the regression models for the dependent variable; Physical symptoms and psychological symptoms severity scores associated with participant’s characteristics, and nicotine concentration predictors’ usage

Withdrawal symptoms score	Physical withdrawal symptoms score				Psychological symptoms score
	Linear regression		Multivariable regression		Linear regression		Multivariable regression
	Beta	p-value	Beta	p-value	Beta	p-value	Beta	p-value
Gender, ref: Male	0.088	0.043*	0.089	0.042*	− 0.004	0.929	NA	NA
Age, ref: 26–40 years
< 18 years	0.005	0.918	− 0.012	0.789	0.004	0.92	0.018	0.689
18–25 years	− 0.024	0.588	0.036	0.438	0.016	0.715	0.049	0.287
> 40 years	0.111	0.110	0.120	0.090	0.098	0.25	0.112	0.140
Level of education, ref: Bachelor's degree holder
Didn’t complete school education	− 0.007	0.878	− 0.003	0.993	− 0.015	0.738	0.004	0.926
Secondary school certificate	0.079	0.07	0.074	0.104	0.091	0.037*	0.107	0.19
Diploma	− 0.094	0.031*	− 0.076	0.090	− 0.013	0.77	0.015	0.746
Postgraduate degree	0.053	0.225	0.057	0.203	0.072	0.102	0.089	0.051
Occupation: ref: employee in a non-health sector
Secondary school student	− 0.017	0.691	− 0.026	0.579	0.027	0.538	0.032	0.495
University student	− 0.016	0.707	− 0.028	0.575	− 0.081	0.065	− 0.052	0.293
An employee in a health sector	− 0.029	0.508	− 0.037	0.434	0.026	0.547	0.031	0.502
Others	0.015	0.725	− 0.006	0.903	0.060	0.171	0.054	0.288
Social status, ref: married	− 0.159	0.309	− 0.079	0.356	− 0.370	0.032*	− 0.088	0.356
Having children, ref: yes	0.059	0.176	0.088	0.294	0.094	0.032*	0.032	0.294
Mean concentration of nicotine in E-liquid (14.71 ± 4.24) mg/ml	0.021	< 0.001*	0.179	< 0.001*	0.136	0.002*	0.139	0.001*

ISSN: 1940-0640