Fig. 1

Comparison of scores on each QoL item of the QoL-5 measure across groups. Notes: the overall p value was < 0.001 for all constructs (ANOVA test). p values from pair-wise tests were obtained using Student’s t test. * ≤ 0.05, ** ≤ 0.001, Ns. not significant. Blue column = physical disorders group. Orange column = mental disorders group. Grey column = substance use disorder group. Green line = population mean