Table 5 Detailed description of covariates in included studies
Author/pub year | Covariates included in analysis |
|---|---|
Abrahamsson 2016 | None |
Banta-Green 2009 | Age, gender, race/ethnicity, medical concerns, public assistance, home conducive to recovery, children under 12 at home, legal system involvement, prescription opiate use only vs. heroin use, cocaine use, treatment agency |
Daniulaityte 2020 | Age, gender, race, homelessness, psychiatric comorbidity, ever prescribed pharmaceutical stimulants, ever used diverted pharmaceutical stimulants, prefer fentanyl vs. heroin, injection as primary method of heroin/fentanyl administration, days of use in past 6 months of heroin/fentanyl, non-prescribed pain pills, non-prescribed buprenorphine, marijuana, cocaine, and non-prescribed benzodiazepine, lifetime receipt of other 2 types of MOUD |
Deck 2004 | Age, gender, race/ethnicity, Medicaid program, years of opiate use, needle use, frequency of opiate use, cocaine use, alcohol use, mental health needs (Washington only), arrested, prior methadone, prior SUD treatment, distance from clinic, referral source (self/treatment agency/legal), not employable, no source of income, marital status, housing (live in own home/live in group home/homeless/other), pregnant, months Medicaid eligible; enrolled in ADATSA (alcohol and drug abuse prevention and treatment; Washington only) |
Deck 2005 | Age, gender, race/ethnicity, Medicaid program, years of opiate use, needle use, frequency of opiate use, cocaine use, alcohol use, mental health needs (Washington only), arrested, prior methadone, prior SUD treatment, distance from clinic, referral source (self/treatment agency/legal), not employable, no source of income, marital status, housing (personal home/homeless/other), pregnant, state Medicaid eligibility, enrolled in ADATSA (alcohol and drug abuse prevention and treatment; Washington only), admission cohort, treatment agency |
Fairbairn 2012 | Age, gender, Midazolam injection, heroin injection, alcohol consumption |
Gjersing 2013 | None |
Hall 2016 | None |
Hoang 2018 | Time of assessment, family support, number of years used heroin prior to initiation, HIV status, antiretroviral therapy receipt |
Hser 2014 | Age, gender, race/ethnicity, short form 36-item health survey scores (physical component summary and mental component summary), alcohol use, number of cigarettes smoked/day, opioid-positive UDS, cannabis-positive UDS, cocaine-positive UDS, days of heroin/opiate use in past 30 days, site (west vs. east coast), dose on last day of treatment, methadone vs. buprenorphine (in total sample), interaction of buprenorphine/methadone with dose (in total sample) |
Hui 2017 | None |
Jones 2020 | Age, gender, race/ethnicity, US census region, employment status, living arrangement, treatment referral source, heroin injection, age of first heroin use |
Kumar 2016 | Age, gender, marital status, route of opioid use, pain, current substance use other than benzodiazepines and opioids, benzodiazepine use, cocaine use, opioid use, cannabis use, physical or emotional neglect (2 models) |
Kunøe 2010 | Age, gender |
Liu 2017 | Marital status, number of times in “compulsory drug detoxification” |
Liu 2018 | None |
Lo 2018 | Age, homelessness, incarceration, no income assistance, binge alcohol use, daily opioid use, daily heroin injection, daily cocaine injection, binge on drug injection, HIV, proportion of visits on methadone, methadone dose |
Logan 2019 | None |
Manhapra 2017 | None |
Manhapra 2018 | None |
Manhapra 2020 | None |
Michel 2017 | Frequency of injection (< 75 vs. > 75 injections/month) |
Morgan 2018 | MOUD receipt (logistic regression model): Age, gender, geographic region, health plan type, alcohol use disorder, cannabis use disorder, cocaine use disorder, hallucinogen use disorder, sedative use disorder MOUD retention (Cox proportional hazards model): Age, gender, region of residence, alcohol use disorder, cannabis use disorder, cocaine use disorder, hallucinogen use disorder, sedative use disorder, ever seen in detox facility, type of provider at initiation, place of initiation, commercial insurance type, type of MOUD, effect of medication type in first 30 days of treatment |
Peles 2008 | Tel Aviv sample : None Las Vegas sample: Age, have children, duration opioid use before admission, Hepatitis C |
Peles 2015 | None |
Pettes 2010 | None |
Potter 2013 | None |
Proctor 2015 | 12-month model: Age, gender, method of payment, average daily methadone dose 6-month model : Race/ethnicity, marital status, employment status, average daily methadone dose |
Proctor 2016 | 3-month model: Age, gender, employment status, race/ethnicity, marital status, and average daily methadone dose 6-month model: Race/ethnicity, marital status, and average daily methadone dose 9-month model: Age, gender, employment status, race/ethnicity, marital status, and average daily methadone dose 12-month model: Age, race/ethnicity, employment status, and average daily methadone dose |
Rhee 2019 | None |
Schiff 2007 | Age, gender, age × gender interaction, heroin use, cocaine use, benzodiazepine use, cannabis use |
Schuman-Olivier 2014 | None |
Senbanjo 2009 | None |
Shiner 2017 | Age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, rural vs. urban, VA disability level, homelessness, OEF/OIF/OND veteran, combat exposure, sexual trauma while in military, Charlson comorbidity index, plurality of care at VA medical center, plurality of care at a CBOC, ≥ 1 visit with a primary care prescriber, ≥ 1 visit with a mental health prescriber, ≥ 1 visit with a SUD prescriber, residential SUD treatment, inpatient admission for detoxification, effective antidepressant for PTSD, pain disorder, headache disorder, psychotic disorders, bipolar mood disorders, depressive mood disorders, non-PTSD anxiety disorders, TBI and cognitive disorders, personality disorders, nicotine use disorder, alcohol use disorder, marijuana use disorder, cocaine use disorder, amphetamine use disorder, tranquilizer and sedative use disorder, hallucinogen use disorder, fiscal year |
Skeie 2013 | None |
Smyth 2018 | None |
Thirion 2001 | None |
Tsui 2020 | Age, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, clinic site, time period of enrollment |
White 2014 | None |