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Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics and substance use in the overall sample and by marijuana exposure during pregnancy (n = 251)

From: Prevalence of marijuana use in pregnant women with concurrent opioid use disorder or alcohol use in pregnancy

Characteristics

Overall

Marijuana exposure

 

Use (n = 116)

Non-use (n = 135)

p-value

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Maternal age at enrollment (years)

28.4 (5.6)

27.0 (5.5)

29.5 (5.5)

 < 0.0011

Gestational age at enrollment (weeks)

23.0 (7.1)

22.4 (7.3)

23.5 (6.9)

0.2301

 

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

p-value

Partnership statusa

   

0.1322

 Single/separated/divorced/widowed

108 (43.0)

56 (48.3)

52 (38.5)

 Married/cohabitating

142 (56.6)

60 (51.7)

82 (60.7)

Ethnicity: Hispanic/Latina

172 (68.5)

82 (70.7)

90 (66.7)

0.494

Race

   

0.9073

 African American

4 (1.6)

1 (0.9)

3 (2.2)

 American Indian/Alaska Native

16 (6.4)

7 (6.0)

9 (6.7)

 Multiracial/Other

17 (6.8)

8 (6.9)

9 (6.7)

 White

214 (85.3)

100 (86.2)

114 (84.4)

Education level

   

0.5702

 Less than high school

62 (24.7)

29 (25.0)

33 (24.4)

 High school graduate or GED

77 (30.7)

39 (33.6)

38 (28.1)

 Some college or higher

112 (44.6)

48 (41.4)

64 (47.4)

 Employed (at enrollment)b

93 (37.1)

38 (32.8)

55 (40.7)

0.2102

Health insurance status

   

0.6842

 Medicaid

209 (83.3)

99 (85.3)

110 (81.5)

 Employer-based insurance

26 (10.4)

11 (9.5)

15 (11.1)

 Otherc

16 (6.4)

6 (5.2)

10 (7.4)

Type of MOUD

   

0.4863

 Methadone

69 (27.5)

27 (23.3)

42 (31.1)

 Buprenorphine

108 (43.0)

54 (46.6)

54 (40.0)

 Methadone and buprenorphine

5 (2.0)

3 (2.6)

2 (1.5)

Other opioid used

    

 Heroin

76 (30.3)

39 (33.6)

37 (27.4)

0.3032

 Opioid analgesics

60 (23.9)

32 (27.6)

28 (20.7)

0.2172

 Opiates detected by UDS only

4 (1.6)

3 (2.6)

1 (0.7)

0.338 3

 Polysubstance usee

91 (36.3)

52 (44.8)

39 (28.9)

0.0092

 Tobacco use

177 (70.5)

89 (76.7)

88 (65.2)

0.0462

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

p-value

Average ounces of alcohol per day, LMP to Visit 1f

0.4 (1.2)

0.6 (1.5)

0.3 (1.0)

0.0274

AUDIT score

7.3 (9.0)

7.8 (8.6)

6.8 (9.4)

0.0714

  1. GED General Educational Development, MOUD medication for opioid use disorder, UDS urine drug screen, LMP last menstrual period
  2. aOne partnership status is missing in the marijuana non-use group
  3. bOne employment status is missing the marijuana use group
  4. c“Other” includes lack of insurance or self-purchased
  5. dCategories are not mutually exclusive
  6. ePolysubstance use defined as using at least one other substance including: stimulants, benzodiazepines, sedatives, prescription medications (Soma/Carisoprodol), or hallucinogens
  7. fAverage absolute ounces of alcohol per day across two 30-day timeline follow-back (TLFB) calendars
  8. 1P-value obtained from the two-sample t test
  9. 2P-value obtained from the chi-square test
  10. 3P-value obtained from the Fisher’s exact test
  11. 4P-value obtained from the two-sample Wilcoxon rank sum test