Factors associated with patient-reported experiences and outcomes of substance use disorder treatment in Cape Town, South Africa

Table 3 Sociodemographic, substance use and treatment variables associated with patient perceptions that SUD treatment was of suboptimal quality (n = 1097)

Variable	Poor performance on SAATSA Quality Scale n (%)	Unadjusted association		Adjusted association
Variable	Poor performance on SAATSA Quality Scale n (%)	OR^a	95% CI^b	aOR^c	95% CI
Gender
Male	241 (29.6)	Reference		Reference
Female	77 (27.1)	0.89	0.65–1.21	0.76	0.51–1.14
Race
Black African	35 (44.9)	Reference		Reference
Coloured^d	226 (25.5)	0.42	0.30–0.60***	0.32	0.16–0.66**
White	57 (41.5)	0.87	0.59–1.28	0.57	0.30–1.07
Indian	6 (50.0)	1.23	0.34–4.43	3.62	0.39–32.25
Age (M, SE) in years	34.11 (0.59)	1.01	0.99–1.03	0.97	0.96–1.02
Education
Not completed school	135 (25.3)	0.71	0.46–1.09	–
Employment
Employed	100 (35.0)	0.68	0.43–1.09	–
Comorbid physical noncommunicable disease	36 (33.0)	1.63	0.92–1.83	1.14	0.78–1.76
Comorbid mental health	46 (45.1)	2.31	0.97–5.52	2.08	1.24–3.49**
Primary substance
Stimulants	112 (26.9)	0.63	0.38–1.64	–
Heroin	80 (26.4)	0.61	0.34–1.09
Cannabis	19 (30.7)	0.76	0.43–1.32
Methaqualone	20 (23.5)	0.53	0.16–1.73
Alcohol	55 (36.9)	Reference
Polysubstance use	173 (26.7)	1.33	1.01–1.77*	1.25	0.88–1.77
Chronicity: years of use (M, SE)	15.39 (0.72)	1.02	1.01–1.04**	1.03	1.00–1.05*
Frequency of use
Daily	199 (25.8)	1.22	0.32–4.08	–
2–6 times per week	77 (38.1)	2.16	0.52–9.02
Weekly	6 (23.1)	1.05	0.17–6.35
Monthly	4 (22.2)	Reference
Prior SUD treatment
No	154 (26.0)	Reference		Reference
Yes	164 (32.4)	1.36	1.13–1.64**	1.79	1.28–2.51***
Treatment intensity Outpatient	176 (25.8)	Reference		–
Residential	142 (34.1)	1.49	0.77–2.90
State-funded treatment
Yes	217 (26.0)	0.57	0.25–1.33	–
No	101 (38.1)	Reference

^aOR odds ratio, ^b95% CI 95% confidence interval, ^cAOR adjusted odds ratio, ^d“ Coloured” refers to people of mixed race ancestry- a designated population group in South Africa
*significant at p < 0.05, **significant at p < 0.01, ***significant at p < 0.001

ISSN: 1940-0640