Table 1 Semi-structured qualitative interview participant baseline characteristics (n = 17), 2018–2021
| Â | n (%) |
|---|---|
Age (mean, SD) | 40.4 (SD 8.2) |
Age (median, IQR) | 39 [33, 45] |
Gender | Â |
 Male | 9 (52.9%) |
 Female | 8 (47.1%) |
Race/Ethnicity | Â |
 White | 16 (94.1%) |
 Black | 1 (5.9%) |
Education | Â |
 Elementary | 3 (17.7%) |
 Some high school | 7 (41.2%) |
 High school graduate | 4 (23.5%) |
 Some college/technical | 2 (11.8%) |
 Missing | 1 (5.9%) |
Household income less than $25,000 | 8 (47.1%) |
Homeless (past 6Â months) | 10 (58.8%) |
Accessed food supports (past 6Â months) | 16 (94.1%) |
Healthcare services | Â |
 Do you currently see a primary care provider at least once per year | 5 (26.3%) |
 Have you ever had bad experiences with primary care such that you considered not going anymore? | 10 (52.6%) |
Drug use (past 30Â days) | Â |
 Inject more than one time in a single sitting, from same solution (past 30-day average amount) | 11 (64.7%) |
 Which of the following places have you injected (past 30 days) |  |
 Your own place | 15 (88.2%) |
 A friend, family member, or acquaintance's place | 12 (70.6%) |
 Dealer's place | 10 (58.8%) |
 Car or other vehicle | 10 (58.8%) |
 On the street | 2 (11.8%) |
 Public or state park | 4 (23.5%) |
 In the woods or other outdoor location | 5 (29.4%) |
 Public restroom or restroom in a store/business | 8 (47.1%) |
 Abandoned building | 2 (11.8%) |
 Barn | 1 (5.9%) |
Sharing practices (past 30Â days) | Â |
 Use a syringe/needle that you know used by someone else | 4 (23.5%) |
 Use a cotton/cooker/spoon rinse by somebody else | 6 (35.3%) |
 Let someone else use a cotton/cooker/spoon after used it | 4 (23.5%) |
 Inject drugs that somebody else injected | 4 (23.5%) |
 Any of the above | 7 (41.2%) |
Overdose risk and prevention | Â |
 How many times in the past 30 days have you injected alone? (mean, SD) | 19.9 (SD 21.2) |
 How many times in the past 30 days have you injected alone? [median, IQR] | 15 [2, 25] |
 Do you currently carry naloxone or Narcan with you when you leave the house? | 6 (35.3%) |
 Have you given naloxone or Narcan to anyone you do drugs with? | 10 (58.8%) |
 Have you ever used naloxone or Narcan on someone to reverse an overdose? | 8 (47.1%) |
 Do you currently have naloxone or Narcan with you or at home? | 10 (58.8%) |
Source of needles/syringes (past 30Â days) | Â |
 Pharmacy | 12 (70.6%) |
 Syringe or needle exchange program | 5 (29.4%) |
Overdose experiences | Â |
 Ever experienced an overdose | 12 (70.6%) |
 Lifetime number of overdose(s) experienced (mean, SD) | 5.6 (SD 8.8) |
 Lifetime number of overdose(s) experienced [median, IQR] | 2 [1, 4] |
 Witnessed an overdose | 15 (88.2%) |
 Have you ever been trained to recognize and respond to an overdose? | 8 (47.1%) |
 Have you ever called 911 because someone overdosed? | 9 (52.9%) |
 Have you ever gotten an overdose reversal kit or prescription for naloxone or Narcan? | 10 (58.8%) |
 Have you ever used naloxone or Narcan on someone to reverse an overdose? | 9 (47.1%) |
 Do you currently have naloxone or Narcan with you or at home? | 10 (58.8%) |
 How many people you know have died from an overdose in the past 6 months? | 11 (64.7%) |