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Table 2 Individual and cumulative barriers to participation in treatment among patients living in rural and small urban communities

From: Cumulative barriers to retention in methadone treatment among adults from rural and small urban communities

 

Full sample

Rural

 

Small urban

  
 

% (n)

M (SD)

% (n)

M (SD)

% (n)

M (SD)

t

p

Individual barriers to participation in treatmenta

        

Child care responsibilities

17.2 (45)

1.71 (0.86)

13.5 (5)

1.60 (0.85)

16.4 (35)

1.69 (0.81)

0.634

0.526

Work schedule conflicts

35.0 (90)

2.09 (1.02)

35.4 (13)

2.06 (1.00)

34.5 (72)

2.07 (0.99)

0.086

0.932

Housing instability

21.9 (57)

1.82 (0.90)

18.9 (7)

1.65 (0.78)

22.3 (47)

1.84 (0.91)

1.293

0.196

No reliable transportation

33.9 (87)

2.12 (1.01)

41.3 (15)

2.22 (0.95)

30.6 (65)

2.09 (0.99)

− 0.790

0.430

Distance from home to treatment

33.6 (87)

2.10 (1.05)

60.7 (22)

2.72 (0.99)

28.2 (60)

0.98 (0.99)

− 3.711

 < 0.001

Legal obligations

15.5 (40)

1.66 (0.84)

8.1 (3)

1.43 (0.72)

16.3 (34)

1.69 (0.83)

1.874

0.061

Un/underinsured

19.2 (50)

1.79 (0.93)

18.9 (7)

1.73 (0.95)

18.3 (39)

1.79 (0.91)

0.352

0.725

Mental health needs

22.6 (58)

1.88 (0.91)

18.9 (7)

1.68 (0.77)

22.1 (47)

1.90 (0.93)

1.560

0.119

Physical health needs

18.7 (48)

1.80 (0.85)

21.6 (8)

1.70 (0.80)

17.7 (37)

1.81 (0.86)

0.764

0.445

Cumulative barriers to participation in treatment

 

17.02 (5.89)

 

16.86 (4.88)

 

16.85 (5.95)

− 0.014

0.989

  1. aIndividual barriers were rated on a four-point scale from strongly disagree (= 1) to strongly agree (= 4)
  2. The frequency and percent of participants who agreed or strongly agreed that each barrier made it difficult to participate in treatment is presented beside the mean and standard deviation for each item