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Table 1 Patient and treatment characteristics, N = 3293

From: Association between treatment setting and outcomes among oregon medicaid patients with opioid use disorder: a retrospective cohort study

 

Total (n = 3293)

Outpatient (n = 2336)

Residential (n = 957)

p-value

Female

1511 (45.9%)

1040 (44.5%)

471 (49.2%)

0.01

Race

 White

2445 (74.2%)

1740 (74.5%)

705 (73.7%)

0.10

 Black or African American

46 (1.4%)

38 (1.6%)

8 (0.8%)

 

 Alaska Native/American Indian

105 (3.2%)

76 (3.3%)

29 (3.0%)

 

 Other single race

118 (3.6%)

90 (3.9%)

28 (2.9%)

 

 Two or more races

579 (17.6%)

392 (16.8%)

187 (19.5%)

 

Ethnicity

 Hispanic or Latinx

247 (7.5%)

161 (6.9%)

86 (9.0%)

 < 0.01

 Not Hispanic or Latino

2915 (88.5%)

2063 (88.3%)

852 (89.0%)

 

 Unknown/Not Reported

131 (4.0%)

112 (4.8%)

19 (2.0%)

 

Age

 18–29

1520 (46.2%)

1003 (42.9%)

517 (54.0%)

 < 0.01

 30–39

1039 (31.6%)

734 (31.4%)

305 (31.9%)

 

 40 + 

734 (22.3%)

599 (25.6%)

135 (14.1%)

 

Elixhauser conditions (prevalence > 3% presented)

 Alcohol misuse

667 (20.3%)

404 (17.3%)

263 (27.5%)

 < 0.01

 Anemia deficiency

99 (3.0%)

70 (3.0%)

29 (3.0%)

0.96

 Chronic pulmonary disease

302 (9.2%)

207 (8.9%)

95 (9.9%)

0.34

 Depression

545 (16.6%)

314 (13.4%)

231 (24.1%)

 < 0.01

 Drug misuse

3292 (100.0%)

2335 (100.0%)

957 (100.0%)

-

 Hypertension

317 (9.6%)

242 (10.4%)

75 (7.8%)

0.03

 Liver disease

175 (5.3%)

119 (5.1%)

56 (5.9%)

0.38

 Fluid and electrolyte disorders

179 (5.4%)

115 (4.9%)

64 (6.7%)

0.04

 Other neurological disorders

231 (7.0%)

139 (6.0%)

92 (9.6%)

 < 0.01

 Psychoses

332 (10.1%)

170 (7.3%)

162 (16.9%)

 < 0.01

Elixhauser score, mean (SD)

-7.0 (5.0)

-6.8 (4.8)

-7.4 (5.4)

 < 0.01

MOUD use

 Any

1177 (35.7%)

999 (42.8%)

178 (18.6%)

 < 0.01

 Methadone

362 (11.0%)

270 (11.6%)

92 (9.6%)

0.11

 Buprenorphine

827 (25.1%)

739 (31.6%)

88 (9.2%)

 < 0.01

 XR naltrexone

6 (0.2%)

2 (0.1%)

4 (0.4%)

0.04

Substance used

 Heroin

2322 (70.5%)

1566 (67.0%)

756 (79.0%)

 < 0.01

 Prescription opioids

1272 (38.6%)

980 (42.0%)

292 (30.5%)

 < 0.01

 Non-prescription methadone

80 (2.4%)

67 (2.9%)

13 (1.4%)

0.01

 Alcohol

659 (20.0%)

482 (20.6%)

177 (18.5%)

0.16

 Stimulant

1274 (38.7%)

760 (32.5%)

514 (53.7%)

 < 0.01

Injection opioid use

1637 (49.7%)

1058 (45.3%)

579 (60.5%)

 < 0.01

Frequency of use

 None in past month

711 (21.6%)

525 (22.5%)

186 (19.4%)

 < 0.01

 Use in past week/month

694 (21.1%)

452 (19.4%)

242 (25.3%)

 

 Daily

1888 (57.3%)

1359 (58.2%)

529 (55.3%)

 

Prior inpatient medically supervised withdrawal

570 (17.3%)

154 (6.6%)

416 (43.5%)

 < 0.01

Prior all-cause ED/hospitalization

1747 (53.1%)

1143 (48.9%)

604 (63.1%)

 < 0.01

Prior opioid-related ED/hospitalization

279 (8.5%)

149 (6.4%)

130 (13.6%)

 < 0.01

  1. CI confidence interval, ED emergency department encounter, MOUD medications for opioid use disorder, SD standard deviation