| Total (n = 3293) | Outpatient (n = 2336) | Residential (n = 957) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Female | 1511 (45.9%) | 1040 (44.5%) | 471 (49.2%) | 0.01 |
Race | ||||
 White | 2445 (74.2%) | 1740 (74.5%) | 705 (73.7%) | 0.10 |
 Black or African American | 46 (1.4%) | 38 (1.6%) | 8 (0.8%) |  |
 Alaska Native/American Indian | 105 (3.2%) | 76 (3.3%) | 29 (3.0%) |  |
 Other single race | 118 (3.6%) | 90 (3.9%) | 28 (2.9%) |  |
 Two or more races | 579 (17.6%) | 392 (16.8%) | 187 (19.5%) |  |
Ethnicity | ||||
 Hispanic or Latinx | 247 (7.5%) | 161 (6.9%) | 86 (9.0%) |  < 0.01 |
 Not Hispanic or Latino | 2915 (88.5%) | 2063 (88.3%) | 852 (89.0%) |  |
 Unknown/Not Reported | 131 (4.0%) | 112 (4.8%) | 19 (2.0%) |  |
Age | ||||
 18–29 | 1520 (46.2%) | 1003 (42.9%) | 517 (54.0%) |  < 0.01 |
 30–39 | 1039 (31.6%) | 734 (31.4%) | 305 (31.9%) |  |
 40 +  | 734 (22.3%) | 599 (25.6%) | 135 (14.1%) |  |
Elixhauser conditions (prevalence > 3% presented) | ||||
 Alcohol misuse | 667 (20.3%) | 404 (17.3%) | 263 (27.5%) |  < 0.01 |
 Anemia deficiency | 99 (3.0%) | 70 (3.0%) | 29 (3.0%) | 0.96 |
 Chronic pulmonary disease | 302 (9.2%) | 207 (8.9%) | 95 (9.9%) | 0.34 |
 Depression | 545 (16.6%) | 314 (13.4%) | 231 (24.1%) |  < 0.01 |
 Drug misuse | 3292 (100.0%) | 2335 (100.0%) | 957 (100.0%) | - |
 Hypertension | 317 (9.6%) | 242 (10.4%) | 75 (7.8%) | 0.03 |
 Liver disease | 175 (5.3%) | 119 (5.1%) | 56 (5.9%) | 0.38 |
 Fluid and electrolyte disorders | 179 (5.4%) | 115 (4.9%) | 64 (6.7%) | 0.04 |
 Other neurological disorders | 231 (7.0%) | 139 (6.0%) | 92 (9.6%) |  < 0.01 |
 Psychoses | 332 (10.1%) | 170 (7.3%) | 162 (16.9%) |  < 0.01 |
Elixhauser score, mean (SD) | -7.0 (5.0) | -6.8 (4.8) | -7.4 (5.4) |  < 0.01 |
MOUD use | ||||
 Any | 1177 (35.7%) | 999 (42.8%) | 178 (18.6%) |  < 0.01 |
 Methadone | 362 (11.0%) | 270 (11.6%) | 92 (9.6%) | 0.11 |
 Buprenorphine | 827 (25.1%) | 739 (31.6%) | 88 (9.2%) |  < 0.01 |
 XR naltrexone | 6 (0.2%) | 2 (0.1%) | 4 (0.4%) | 0.04 |
Substance used | ||||
 Heroin | 2322 (70.5%) | 1566 (67.0%) | 756 (79.0%) |  < 0.01 |
 Prescription opioids | 1272 (38.6%) | 980 (42.0%) | 292 (30.5%) |  < 0.01 |
 Non-prescription methadone | 80 (2.4%) | 67 (2.9%) | 13 (1.4%) | 0.01 |
 Alcohol | 659 (20.0%) | 482 (20.6%) | 177 (18.5%) | 0.16 |
 Stimulant | 1274 (38.7%) | 760 (32.5%) | 514 (53.7%) |  < 0.01 |
Injection opioid use | 1637 (49.7%) | 1058 (45.3%) | 579 (60.5%) |  < 0.01 |
Frequency of use | ||||
 None in past month | 711 (21.6%) | 525 (22.5%) | 186 (19.4%) |  < 0.01 |
 Use in past week/month | 694 (21.1%) | 452 (19.4%) | 242 (25.3%) |  |
 Daily | 1888 (57.3%) | 1359 (58.2%) | 529 (55.3%) |  |
Prior inpatient medically supervised withdrawal | 570 (17.3%) | 154 (6.6%) | 416 (43.5%) |  < 0.01 |
Prior all-cause ED/hospitalization | 1747 (53.1%) | 1143 (48.9%) | 604 (63.1%) |  < 0.01 |
Prior opioid-related ED/hospitalization | 279 (8.5%) | 149 (6.4%) | 130 (13.6%) |  < 0.01 |