Table 4 Differences in nurse practitioner and physician assistant perceived efficacy of buprenorphine, methadone, and naltrexone
Perceived efficacy | Formulation | df | Friedman test statistic Q | Pa | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Buprenorphine n (%) | Methadone n (%) | Naltrexone n (%) | ||||
Decreases risk of death from an opioid overdose | Â | |||||
 Agree | 157 (86) | 119 (58) | 117 (71) | 2 | 39.58 |  < 0.001 |
 Neither | 19 (10) | 44 (22) | 42 (25) | |||
 Disagree | 7 (4) | 41 (20) | 6 (4) | |||
Decreases cravings for opioids | Â | |||||
 Agree | 164 (90) | 149 (73) | 112 (67) | 2 | 36.03 |  < 0.001 |
 Neither | 14 (8) | 32 (16) | 40 (24) | |||
 Disagree | 4 (2) | 23 (11) | 15 (9) | |||
Decreases rates of relapse | Â | |||||
 Agree | 146 (82) | 118 (58) | 111 (67) | 2 | 25.04 |  < 0.001 |
 Neither | 26 (15) | 54 (27) | 49 (29) | |||
 Disagree | 6 (3) | 31 (15) | 6 (4) | |||
Works well in clients with co-occurring mental health disorders | Â | |||||
 Agree | 143 (79) | 103 (52) | 99 (60) | 2 | 32.29 |  < 0.001 |
 Neither | 32 (18) | 71 (36) | 64 (38) | |||
 Disagree | 5 (3) | 25 (12) | 3 (2) | |||
Should be supplemented by mental health counseling | Â | |||||
 Agree | 155 (90) | 172 (84) | 129 (77) | 2 | 7.79 | 0.020 |
 Neither | 13 (7) | 26 (13) | 39 (23) | |||
 Disagree | 5 (3) | 6 (3) | 0 | |||
Should be supplemented by participation in peer support groups | Â | |||||
 Agree | 156 (87) | 166 (81) | 125 (74) | 2 | 7.80 | 0.020 |
 Neither | 18 (10) | 33 (16) | 42 (25) | |||
 Disagree | 5 (3) | 5 (3) | 2 (1) | |||
Efficacy is improved by adding mental health counseling | Â | |||||
 Agree | 166 (91) | 175 (88) | 132 (79) | 2 | 14.90 | 0.001 |
 Neither | 14 (8) | 24 (12) | 34 (20) | |||
 Disagree | 2 (1) | 1 (0) | 1 (1) | |||
Appropriate for unstable patients | Â | |||||
 Agree | 68 (39) | 50 (25) | 67 (41) | 2 | 19.37 | 0.001 |
 Neither | 58 (34) | 67 (34) | 68 (41) | |||
 Disagree | 46 (27) | 82 (41) | 30 (18) | |||
Often diverted or misused | Â | |||||
 Agree | 67 (35) | 94 (47) | 12 (7) | 2 | 91.95 |  < 0.001 |
 Neither | 68 (35) | 71 (36) | 45 (28) | |||
 Disagree | 59 (30) | 33 (17) | 106 (65) | |||