Table 2 Bivariate and multiple logistic regression of factors associated with non-fatal overdose among PWID (last 3 months)
From: Prevalence and associates of non-fatal overdose among people who inject drugs in Saveh, Iran
Characteristics | Bivariate COR (95% CI) | p-value | Multivariate AOR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||
≤ 30 years | 1 (reference) | 0.001 | 1 (reference) | 0.004 |
> 30 years | 3.24 (1.63–6.44) | 5.24 (1.69–16.21) | ||
Education | ||||
≤ High school | 1 (reference) | 0.000 | 1 (reference) | 0.05 |
> High school | 0.39 (0.24–0.66) | 0.44 (0.18–1.03) | ||
Employment status | ||||
Unemployed | 0.80 (0.49–1.29) | 0.35 | ||
Employed | 1 (reference) | |||
Income (US$) | ||||
≤ 50$ per month | 1 (reference) | 0.77 | ||
> 50$ per month | 1.09 (0.59–2.01) | |||
Heroin use disorders | ||||
Yes | 1.78 (1.09–2.9) | 0.02 | 1.43 (0.39–5.24) | 0.58 |
No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
Polysubstance use disorders | ||||
Yes | 5.06 (3.01–8.51) | 0.000 | 5.87 (2.47–13.93) | 0.001 |
No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
Methamphetamine use disorders | ||||
Yes | 3.71 (2.19–6.29) | 0.000 | 1.34 (0.5–3.56) | 0.55 |
No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
Opioid use disorders | ||||
Yes | 1.95 (1.14–3.34) | 0.01 | 1.44 (0.58–3.56) | 0.42 |
No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
Cannabis use disorders | ||||
Yes | 4.01 (2.41–6.67) | 0.000 | 2.03 (0.68–6.06) | 0.2 |
No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
Alcohol use disorders | ||||
Yes | 3.16 (1.92–5.21) | 0.000 | 3.01 (1.28–7.08) | 0.01 |
No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
Age of onset to injection | ||||
≤ 22 | 7.16 (3.9-13.13) | 0.000 | 7.83 (3.01–20.34) | 0.001 |
> 22 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
Duration of inject drug (years) | ||||
≤ 2 | 1.8 (1.09–2.98) | 0.02 | 1.33 (0.54–3.27) | 0.52 |
> 2 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
Needle and syringe program use | ||||
Yes | 0.5 (0.3–0.82) | 0.007 | 0.32 (0.14–0.75) | 0.009 |
No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
General practitioner visits | ||||
Yes | 0.14 (0.08–0.25) | 0.000 | 0.03 (0.009-0.1) | 0.001 |
No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||
Receiving psychosocial intervention | ||||
Yes | 0.44 (0.25–0.77) | 0.004 | 0.17 (0.04–0.61) | 0.007 |
No | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | ||