Table 1 Demographic, comorbidity, and health care utilization characteristics of opioid use disorder-related hospitalizations among fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries, 2016–18

Discharge location, as percent of total stays^b

100

70.3

15.8

9.6

2.5

1.8

Age, mean (SD), years

59.7 (14.6)

57.5 (14.3)

68.8 (12.4)

58.8 (14.6)

61.3 (13.3)

65.1 (13.7)

 18–49

24.5

28.6

6.9

26.6

18.9

13.0

 50–64

35.8

37.7

27.4

35.1

38.5

32.5

 65–74

16.2

15.3

19.6

16.0

17.7

19.9

 75 + 

23.6

18.4

46.2

22.4

25.0

34.6

Female sex

53.7

52.5

60.2

51.8

57.1

49.9

Race and ethnicity

 Non-hispanic white

79.9

78.5

85.2

82.6

77.4

81.2

 Non-hispanic black/African American

14.2

15.3

10.7

11.9

17.2

12.8

 Hispanic

2.5

2.7

1.5

2.1

2.4

2.3

 Other

3.4

3.5

2.7

3.4

3.0

3.7

Medicaid dual enrollment

59.1

59.7

56.6

59.8

63.9

49.5

Year of hospitalization

 2016

34.0

34.2

33.2

34.2

34.0

33.7

 2017

34.0

33.9

34.1

35.0

31.4

34.1

 2018

32.0

31.9

32.8

30.9

34.5

32.2

Hospital stay attributes

Length of hospital stay, mean (SD), days

5.5 (6.6)

4.9 (5.7)

7.8 (8.2)

6.4 (7.9)

4.6 (5.4)

8.3 (11.1)

Length of hospital stay ≥ 3 days, %

71.3

66.9

93.4

70.4

60.5

70.0

Combined Comorbidity Score, mean (SD)

2.8 (2.1)

2.5 (2.0)

3.6 (2.2)

2.8 (2.1)

3.2 (2.2)

4.0 (2.2)

Comorbidity count ≥ 3, %

47.3

42.6

64.2

47.7

55.5

70.4

Intensive care unit use, %

31.3

27.5

37.0

42.2

29.1

73.0

Post-hospital discharge outcomes within 30 days

All-cause acute readmission, %

29.7^c

27.7

26.3

47.5

40.4

–

All-cause mortality, %

3.9^c

3.1

5.7

6.4

4.7

–