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Table 2 Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses of factors associated with ability to contact Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT) prescriber when needed among 448 people who accessed OAT in the past 6 months in Vancouver, Canada, between July 2020 and November 2020

From: Inability to contact opioid agonist therapy prescribers during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Canadian setting: a cross-sectional analysis among people on opioid agonist therapy

Variable

Model 1

Model 2

Unable to talk vs. Able to talk

Did not want to talk vs. Able to talk

OR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

Age (per year increase)

0.96 (0.94, 0.98)

0.94 (0.91, 0.97)

0.99 (0.97, 1.01)

–

Male (vs. female and non-binary)

1.05 (0.63, 1.74)

–

1.74 (1.07, 2.83)

–

White (vs. IBPOC)

2.26 (1.29, 3.94)

3.35 (1.72, 6.51)

0.82 (0.51, 1.32)

–

 ≥ Secondary school

0.90 (0.55, 1.47)

–

0.80 (0.50, 1.29)

–

Chronic paina,b

1.77 (1.08, 2.89)

1.82 (1.02, 3.27)

1.77 (1.08, 2.89)

–

Moderate/severe depression or anxietyc

5.19 (2.76, 9.76)

4.66 (2.27, 9.57)

5.19 (2.76, 9.76)

–

DTES residencea

0.79 (0.48, 1.29)

–

0.79 (0.48, 1.29)

–

Homelessa

1.50 (0.74, 3.04)

–

1.50 (0.74, 3.04)

–

Incarcerationa

1.28 (0.24, 6.71)

–

1.28 (0.24, 6.71)

–

Negative police encountera,d

2.04 (0.65, 6.42)

–

2.04 (0.65, 6.42)

–

Non-fatal overdosea

2.42 (1.29, 4.52)

–

2.42 (1.29, 4.52)

–

Self-reported substance usea

 Daily unregulated opioids usee

1.46 (0.90, 2.39)

–

1.46 (0.90, 2.39)

–

 Daily PO use

3.23 (0.79, 13.22)

–

3.23 (0.79, 13.22)

–

 Daily stimulants usef

1.61 (0.97, 2.66)

–

1.61 (0.97, 2.66)

–

 Injection drug useg

1.33 (0.80, 2.20)

–

1.33 (0.80, 2.20)

–

Experiences since beginning COVID-19

 Increase in violence

2.11 (0.98, 4.55)

–

2.11 (0.98, 4.55)

–

 Increase in difficulty accessing health/social services

4.72 (2.72, 8.18)

2.66 (1.41, 5.02)

4.72 (2.72, 8.18)

–

 Inability to self-isolate or social distance

2.53 (1.46, 4.39)

2.13 (1.10, 4.14)

2.53 (1.46, 4.39)

2.21 (1.24, 3.94)

  1. AOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, IBPOC indigenous, black, and people of colour, DTES downtown eastside, OAT opioid agonist treatment, OR odds ratio, PO prescription opioid
  2. aDenotes behaviors/events in the past 6 months
  3. bChronic Pain is defined using the international pain guidelines (persistent or recurrent pain lasting longer than 3 months)
  4. cPatient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) short form was used to assess anxiety/depression (moderate/severe vs. mild/none)
  5. dNegative police encounter refers to being stopped, searched, or detained by the police
  6. eDaily unregulated opioid use includes the use of fentanyl, down unspecified or heroin (injection/non-injection)
  7. fDaily stimulant use included the use of daily crack, daily methamphetamine, and daily cocaine in the last 6 months
  8. gInjection Drug Use includes those who injected drugs at least once in the last 6 months