Smoking tobacco (n = 8)
|
Haug et al. (2009) [63]
| ✓ |
▪
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
▪
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Travis & Lawrance (2009) [52]*
|
▪
|
▪
| ✓ |
▪
| ✓ |
▪
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
O’Neill et al. (2000) [64]*
|
▪
|
▪
|
▪
|
▪
|
▪
|
▪
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
An et al. (2008) [60]*
| ✓ |
▪
| ✓ |
▪
| ✓ |
▪
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Dijkstra (2005) [61]
|
▪
|
▪
|
▪
|
▪
|
▪
|
▪
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Abroms et al. (2008) [59]*
|
▪
|
▪
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
▪
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Dijkstra & Ballast (2012) [62]†
|
▪
|
▪
|
▪
| ✓ | ✓ |
▪
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Prokhorov et al. (2008) [65]*
|
▪
|
▪
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
▪
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Spit tobacco (n = 1)
|
Masouredis (1997) [66]*
|
▪
|
▪
| ✓ |
▪
| ✓ |
▪
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Marijuana (n = 2)
|
Lee (2010) [68]
| ✓ |
▪
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
▪
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Elliott (2012) [67]
|
▪
|
▪
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
▪
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Stress, marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco (n = 1)
|
Moore et al. (2012) [69]
| ✓ |
▪
|
▪
|
▪
| ✓ |
▪
| ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |