Health evaluation and referral assistant: a randomized controlled trial to improve smoking cessation among emergency department patients

Table 2 Demographic characteristics of the analyzed sample

	Frequency	%	Mean	Standard deviation
Participant sex
Male	150	35.6 %
Female	271	64.4 %
Participant age			39.0	12.2
Data collection site
Cooper University Hospital (NJ)	233	55.3 %
UMass University Hospital (MA)	178	42.3 %
UMass Memorial Hospital (MA)	4	1.0 %
Marlborough Hospital (MA)	6	1.4 %
Race
White	291	69.1 %
Black	114	27.1 %
Other/undocumented	16	3.8 %
Ethnicity
Non-hispanic/Latino	339	80.5 %
Hispanic/Latino	67	15.9 %
Not documented	15	3.6 %
Insurance status^a
Private insurance	80	19.0 %
Medicaid	127	30.2 %
State financed insurance—non-medicaid	78	18.5 %
Medicare	69	16.4 %
Other kind of insurance not listed	27	6.4 %
No insurance	73	17.3 %
PHQ-2			1.7	1.7
Any mental health diagnosis	240	57.0 %
Anxiety/panic attacks/PTSD	158	37.5 %
Depression/bipolar disorder	150	35.6 %
Schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder	12	2.9 %
Anorexia/bulimia	4	1.0 %
ADD/ADHD	29	6.9 %
Other mental health diagnosis	17	4.0 %
Baseline HSI score			2.5	1.4
Pack years			18.2	14.9
Other tobacco used in past 30 days
Cigars	14	3.3 %
Smokeless tobacco (Dip, Snuff, Chew)	2	0.5 %
Experimental condition
Intervention	210	49.9 %
Control	211	50.1 %
Referral^b
Tailored, printed list of providers (only)	138	65.7 %
Dynamic referral accepted	72	34.3 %

Risky alcohol and illicit drug users were excluded from the tobacco sample; they were enrolled and randomized into the alcohol and drug use samples, to be reported separately
^aInsurance status categories are not mutually exclusive (i.e. participants can have multiple types of insurance)
^bOnly participants in the intervention condition. All patients in the intervention group received the tailored, printed list of providers by default. Dynamic referral consists of a faxed referral with a brief tobacco use summary to a tobacco treatment provider matched to the individual based on location of residence and preference for telephone vs. in-person treatment. All patients in the intervention group received the tailored, printed list of providers by default

ISSN: 1940-0640