Addiction Science & Clinical Practice

Table 2 Objective sleep changes during early and late abstinence, in comparison to healthy sleepers

From: Sleep abnormalities associated with alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, and opiate use: a comprehensive review

	Alcohol		Cocaine		Cannabis		Opioids
	Early Abs	Late Abs	Early Abs	Late Abs	Early Abs	Late Abs	Early Abs	Late Abs
Sleep latency	?	↑	?	↑	↑	?	↑	↑
Total sleep time	?	↓	?	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓
Slow wave sleep	?	↓	↓	↓	↓	?	↓	↓
REM sleep	?	?	?	↓	↑	↓	↓	?
REM latency	?	?	↓	?	↓	?	↑	?

Early Abs Early Abstinence or acute withdrawal
Late Abs Late Abstinence or subacute withdrawal
? Insufficient data or conflicting results across studies

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ISSN: 1940-0640

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