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Table 3 Factors associated with ART use among women who knew they were living with HIV and were eligible for ART

From: Seek, test, treat: substance-using women in the HIV treatment cascade in South Africa

Variable

Not on ART

Currently on ART

Bivariate logistic regression

Multivariable logistic regression

Sociodemographic characteristic

n = 68

n = 88

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

Age in years, mean (SD)

30.7 (7.0)

35.9 (6.5)

1.13 (1.07, 1.19)***

1.08 (1.02, 1.15)**

% education ≥10th grade

60.3

53.4

0.92 (0.48, 1.78)

 

% unemployed

86.0

86.7

1.07 (0.38, 2.96)

 

% married or living as married

52.9

60.2

1.35 (0.71, 2.55)

 

% family member with HIV/AIDS

59.7

79.5

2.62 (1.29, 5.35)**

2.09 (0.90, 4.82)

% ever incarcerated (lifetime)

51.5

28.4

0.37 (0.19, 0.73)**

 

% ever in substance abuse treatment (lifetime)

16.2

1.1

0.06 (0.01, 0.47)**

 

Urine drug screen and breathalyzer results

% marijuana (THC) positive

50.0

19.3

0.24 (0.12, 0.49)***

 

% opiate positive

30.9

4.5

0.11 (0.03, 0.33)***

 

% cocaine positive

25.0

4.5

0.14 (0.05, 0.45)**

 

% opiate or cocaine positive

35.3

6.8

0.13 (0.05, 0.35)***

0.27 (0.09, 0.80)*

% alcohol (breathalyzer) positive

14.7

15.9

1.10 (0.45, 2.65)

 

Sex risk behaviors

% used a condom at last sex

49.2

39.8

0.68 (0.36, 1.30)

 

# times unprotected sex past 30 days, mean (SD)

10.3 (18.7)

7.5 (9.4)

0.99 (0.96, 1.01)

 

% engaged in sex work past 6 months

58.8

38.6

0.44 (0.23, 0.84)*

 

Victimization

% physically assaulted past year

13.2

8.0

0.57 (0.20, 1.61)

 

% sexually assaulted past year

11.8

4.5

0.36 (0.10, 1.24)

 

SF-36 mental health and vitality scales

Mental health scale score, mean (SD)a

56.1 (13.5)

60.6 (14.0)

1.02 (1.00, 1.05)*

1.02 (1.00, 1.04)

Vitality scale score, mean (SD)b

42.2 (18.8)

33.4 (14.4)

0.97 (0.95, 0.99)*

 

Contextual factors

% recruited from inner cityb

54.4

26.1

0.30 (0.15, 0.58)***

 

Century month recruitedc, mean (SD)

147.0 (8.8)

153.6 (8.3)

1.09 (1.05, 1.13)***

1.06 (1.01, 1.11)*

% living in informal settlementd

32.4

38.6

1.32 (0.68, 2.56)

 
  1. * p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001
  2. aSF-36 Mental Health and Vitality scales
  3. Transformed scale = [(Actual raw score − lowest possible raw score)/(possible raw score range)] × 100
  4. bThe reference group is recruited from outside the inner city
  5. cCentury month (CM). January 2001 = 1. The project recruited from May 2012 (CM = 136) to September 2014 (CM = 164). South Africa was in the midst of scaling up HIV testing and treatment during this period
  6. dThe reference group is not living in an informal settlement
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Addiction Science & Clinical Practice

ISSN: 1940-0640