Complementary horse-assisted therapy for substance use disorders: a randomized controlled trial

Table 1 Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics

Variable	Item	cHAT (N)	cHAT (%)	TAU-only (N)	TAU-only (%)	Total (N)	Total (%)	P value*
Subjects		18	49	19	51	37	100
Gender	Male	8	44	14	74	22	60	0.099
Gender	Female	10	56	5	26	15	41
Age (years)	year < 20	1	6	2	11	3	8	0.763
	20 ≤ yea ≤ 26	14	78	15	79	29	78
	26 < yea ≤ 30	3	17	2	11	5	14
Schooling (years)	yea ≤ 10	7	39	11	58	18	49	0.330
Schooling (years)	yea > 10	11	61	8	42	19	51
Substances^b	n = 1	2	11	5	26	12	19	0.541
	n = 2	2	11	3	16	7	14
	n ≥ 3	14	78	11	58	12	68
Comorbidities^b	n = 0	3	17	7	37	10	27	0.349
	n = 1	8	44	7	37	15	41
	n = 2	3	17	4	21	7	19
	n ≥ 3	4	22	1	5	5	14

cHAT patients are those in Horse Assisted Therapy complementary to Treatment As Usual (TAU), and the TAU-only group are patients in Treatment as Usual only. N indicates frequencies, and % indicates proportions as percentages
* P value calculated using Fisher’s Exact Test (* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001)
^aCannabis, alcohol, heroin, amphetamine, benzodiazepine, (GHB) gamma hydroxybutyrate, and cocaine
^bMood disorders, neurotic stress/post-traumatic stress disorders, personality disorders and behavioural and emotional disorders

ISSN: 1940-0640