Therapeutic community-oriented day treatment program for Korean women with alcohol use disorder: a non-randomized pilot feasibility trial

Table 2 Background characteristics and outcome variables of participants at baseline by treatment condition (intention-to-treat sample)

Variable	Total (n = 40)	Intervention (n = 19)	Control (n = 21)	χ² or t test
	n (%) or Mean ± SD	n (%) or Mean ± SD	n (%) or Mean ± SD	p value
Age (year)	49.2 ± 11.86	51.1 ± 10.56	47.5 ± 13.21	0.347
Marital status				0.313^a
Married/living together	18 (45.0%)	11 (57.9%)	7 (33.3%)
Separated/divorced/widowed	15 (37.5%)	6 (31.6%)	9 (42.9%)
Never married	7 (17.5%)	2 (10.5%)	5 (23.8%)
Religious affiliation				0.061
Yes	17 (42.5%)	11 (57.9%)	6 (28.6%)
No	23 (57.5%)	8 (42.1%)	15 (71.4%)
Subjective socioeconomic status				1.000^a
High-to-middle	1 (2.5%)	0 (0%)	1 (4.8%)
Middle	14 (35.0%)	7 (36.8%)	7 (33.3%)
Middle-to-low	25 (62.5%)	12 (63.2%)	13 (61.9%)
Trauma
Lifetime physical trauma/abuse	28 (70.0%)	14 (73.7%)	14 (66.7%)	0.629
Lifetime sexual trauma/abuse	8 (20.0%)	5 (26.3%)	3 (14.3%)	0.442^a
Family history of alcohol use disorder				1.000^a
Yes	34 (85.0%)	16 (84.2%)	18 (85.7%)
No	6 (15.5%)	3 (15.8%)	3 (14.3%)
Number of previous hospitalizations for alcohol use disorder				0.413^a
0	7 (17.5%)	2 (10.5%)	5 (23.8%)
≤ 2	14 (35.0%)	6 (31.6%)	8 (38.1%)
≥ 3	19 (47.5%)	11 (57.9%)	8 (38.1%)
History of suicide attempt				0.664^a
Yes	34 (85.0%)	17 (89.5%)	17 (81.0%)
No	6 (15.0%)	2 (10.5%)	4 (19.0%)
Employment status				0.457^a
Employed	9 (22.5%)	3 (15.8%)	6 (28.6%)
Unemployed	31 (77.5%)	16 (84.2%)	15 (71.4%)
Outcome variables
Alcohol use in the past month	30 (75.0%)	13 (68.4%)	16 (76.2%)	0.583
AASE	38.10 ± 16.13	31.00 ± 12.51	44.52 ± 16.59	0.006**
EFI-K	73.07 ± 26.03	70.53 ± 28.49	75.38 ± 24.05	0.563
SAS	75.43 ± 20.13	66.05 ± 13.44	83.90 ± 21.65	0.004**

AASE alcohol abstinence self-efficacy, EFI-K Enright Forgiveness Inventory-Korea, SAS Spirituality Assessment Scale
^aFisher’s exact test; **p < 0.01

ISSN: 1940-0640