Table 1 Demographic information and professional characteristics of nurse practitioners and physician assistants with and without a DATA-waiver
Participant characteristicsa | Total | Waivered | Not waivered | Pb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total, n (%) | 240 (100) | 108 (46) | 129 (54) | Â |
Sex, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.48 |
 Female | 177 (77) | 78 (45) | 97 (55) |  |
 Male | 54 (23) | 27 (50) | 27 (50) |  |
Race/ethnicity, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.13 |
 White | 194 (84) | 89 (46) | 103 (54) |  |
 Black/African American | 11 (5) | 8 (73) | 3 (27) |  |
 Other/Multi-racial | 25 (11) | 9 (36) | 16 (64) |  |
Highest level of education, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.01 |
 Doctorate | 22 (9) | 16 (73) | 6 (27) |  |
 Master’s degree | 181 (78) | 82 (46) | 97 (54) |  |
 Other | 29 (13) | 8 (28) | 21 (72) |  |
Provider |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Nurse practitioner | 122 (51) | 78 (67) | 38 (33) |  |
 Physician assistant | 118 (49) | 30 (25) | 91 (75) |  |
Years practicing, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.76 |
 0–5 | 47 (20) | 22 (47) | 25 (53) |  |
 6–10 | 41 (18) | 37 (49) | 38 (51) |  |
 11–15 | 30 (13) | 17 (42) | 23 (58) |  |
 16–20 | 19 (8) | 11 (38) | 18 (62) |  |
 21–25 | 21 (9) | 7 (37) | 12 (63) |  |
 26 +  | 75 (32) | 11 (55) | 9 (45) |  |
Practice facility, n (%) |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Family medicine (outpatient) | 75 (31) | 20 (27) | 55 (73) |  |
 Pain medicine practice (outpatient) | 24 (10) | 14 (61) | 9 (39) |  |
 Substance use disorder treatment programs | 21 (9) | 20 (95) | 1 (5) |  |
 General hospital or emergency department | 16 (7) | 2 (12) | 14 (88) |  |
 Other | 39 (16) | 8 (22) | 29 (78) |  |
 Multiple practice sites | 65 (27) | 44 (68) | 21 (32) |  |
Number of patients seen per month, mean (SD) | 330.80 (689.35) | 367.24 (707.33) | 299.40 (682.57) |  < 0.001 |
Specialization, n (%) |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Dual diagnosis disorders (addiction/mental illness) | 40 (17) | 33 (85) | 6 (15) |  |
 Family medicine | 28 (12) | 11 (39) | 17 (61) |  |
 Substance use disorders/addiction | 27 (11) | 24 (89) | 3 (11) |  |
 Mental illness disorders | 14 (6) | 6 (43) | 8 (57) |  |
 Other | 70 (29) | 14 (21) | 54 (79) |  |
 Multiple specializations | 24 (10) | 14 (58) | 10 (42) |  |
 No specialization | 37 (15) | 6 (16) | 31 (84) |  |
Received training in past 3 years, n (%) |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Dual diagnosis disorders (addiction/mental illness) | 105 (44) | 61 (58) | 44 (42) |  |
 Substance use disorders/addiction | 61 (26) | 41 (69) | 18 (31) |  |
 Mental illness disorders | 10 (4) | 1 (10) | 9 (90) |  |
 No training in any of the above | 61 (26) | 5 (8) | 55 (92) |  |