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Integrating adolescent substance abuse screening, brief intervention and treatment in health professions education
Addiction Science & Clinical Practice volume 10, Article number: O36 (2015)
Background
Substance abuse remains one of the largest public health issues facing our society. Early alcohol and drug use is linked to a range of immediate and long-term consequences (e.g., academic, brain development, and later dependence). Although studies such as the Youth Risk Behavior Survey and National Survey on Drug Use and Health have recently shown stable or slight decline in the use of alcohol and certain drugs, alcohol remains the drug of choice, marijuana use has increased, and perceptions of harm has decreased.[1, 2] Opportunities to address substance use exist in a range of settings where nurses, social workers and other health professionals work with youth yet training and adoption of adolescent screening and brief intervention has been slow. The cost of substance use disorders, in both adults and adolescents, could be reduced through the SAMHSA-backed prevention and early identification procedure of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT), a cost-effective and widely-supported prevention framework. Research has shown SBIRT to be effective for the early identification of problematic alcohol use, with growing but inconsistent evidence for its effectiveness with other risky drug use. However, there is little substance use training in social work and nursing programs. SBIRT education is often optional or specialized, rather than being required coursework.
Material and methods
NORC at the University of Chicago has been funded by the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation to increase training opportunities in adolescent SBIRT within undergraduate and graduate social work and nursing programs. In October 2014, NORC partnered with the Council on Social Work Education, Center for Clinical Social Work, American Association of Colleges of Nursing, and New York-based technology company Kognito to support the integration of adolescent SBIRT education into required coursework for their students.
Following the model established by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement,[3] NORC has assembled a Learning Collaborative comprised of faculty from schools of nursing and social work throughout the United States. Led by a Steering Committee including partnering organizations and experts on adolescent substance use, the Learning Collaborative has been developing curricular and technical assistance tools to integrate substance use education in nursing and social work education.
Results
To date, faculty from approximately 100 schools of nursing and social work have actively contributed to the initiative. Tools created include a virtual patient simulation that will allow students to learn specifics of SBIRT and the delivery of tailored brief interventions based on motivational interviewing.[4] Developed by Kognito, the online simulation enables learners to practice brief interventions in conversation with realistic virtual patients, and facilitates assessment of competency by scoring learners’ performance and providing elaborative feedback.
Conclusions
There is wide-ranging support among schools of social work and nursing for the integration of SBIRT education in curricula with support from professional associations and technical assistance providers. Further study underway will evaluate the intitative’s effectiveness in developing substance use competencies among health professionals.
References
Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Trends in the prevalence of alcohol use National YRBS 1991-2013. [http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/pdf/trends/us_alcohol_trend_yrbs.pdf]
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: The NSDUH Report: Trends in adolescent substance use and perception of risk from substance use. 2013, [http://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUH099a/NSDUH099a/sr099a-risk-perception-trends.pdf]
Institute for Healthcare Improvement: The Breakthrough Series: IHI’s Collaborative Model for Achieving Breakthrough Improvement. 2003, IHI Innovation Series white paper. Boston: Author
Miller WR, Rollnick S: Motivational interviewing: Helping People Change. 2012, Guilford press
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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McPherson, T., Goplerud, E. & Adam, C. Integrating adolescent substance abuse screening, brief intervention and treatment in health professions education. Addict Sci Clin Pract 10 (Suppl 2), O36 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/1940-0640-10-S2-O36
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1940-0640-10-S2-O36